Foundations · Michaël PerreaultBell's Theorem and the Mathematical Universe

Foundations

Historical Timeline and Key Figures

Michaël Perreault · 2025

  • 1935: Ein­stein, Podol­sky, and Rosen pub­lish the EPR para­dox paper.
  • 1951: David Bohm re­for­mu­lates the EPR para­dox in terms of spin, making it con­cep­tu­al­ly sim­pler.
  • 1964: John Stew­art Bell pub­lish­es his the­o­rem and in­equal­i­ty.
  • 1969: Clauser, Horne, Shi­mo­ny, and Holt (CHSH) derive a more ex­per­i­men­tal­ly prac­ti­cal ver­sion of Bell's in­equal­i­ty.
  • 1972: Stuart Freed­man and John Clauser per­form the first sig­nif­i­cant ex­per­i­men­tal test.
  • 1981-1982: Alain Aspect, Philippe Grang­i­er, and Gérard Roger con­duct ex­per­i­ments with time-vary­ing set­tings.
  • 1990s-2000s: Nu­mer­ous ex­per­i­ments refine tech­niques, clos­ing more loop­holes (e.g., Zeilinger's group).
  • 2015: Hensen et al. (Delft) per­form the first widely ac­cept­ed loop­hole-free Bell test.
  • 2022: Alain Aspect, John F. Clauser, and Anton Zeilinger are award­ed the Nobel Prize in Physics "for ex­per­i­ments with en­tan­gled pho­tons, es­tab­lish­ing the vi­o­la­tion of Bell in­equal­i­ties and pi­o­neer­ing quan­tum in­for­ma­tion sci­ence."